Why framing is necessary

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Computer Network Fundamentals. Physical layer. Data Link layer. Network layer. Transport layer. Application layer. Problems in Framing — Detecting start of the frame: When a frame is transmitted, every station must be able to detect it. Station detect frames by looking out for special sequence of bits that marks the beginning of the frame i. How do station detect a frame: Every station listen to link for SFD pattern through a sequential circuit. If SFD is detected, sequential circuit alerts station.

Station checks destination address to accept or reject frame. Detecting end of frame: When to stop reading the frame. Types of framing — There are two types of framing: 1. Drawback: It suffers from internal fragmentation if data size is less than frame size Solution: Padding 2. This can be done in two ways: Length field — We can introduce a length field in the frame to indicate the length of the frame.

Used in Ethernet The problem with this is that sometimes the length field might get corrupted. Used in Token Ring.