An excellent example is research by Dr. Her research found that 8. However, by looking at the results by gender, Dr. Rochon made the crucial discovery that these poor outcomes were almost 50 per cent higher in men compared to women. Important findings like these cannot be made without developing research studies that analyze the results for both men and women.
That means not only including a representative number of women and men in studies, but also examining the study results by sex. Often, that has not been the case. That means some health research findings — and treatment recommendations — may not be as accurate as they could be, for women or for men.
Doi: Older men with dementia are at greater risk than women of serious events after initiating antipsychotic therapy. J Am Geriatr Soc —61, Statistics Canada. Health Fact Sheets: Diabetes, Legislators are wrestling with tight budgets and changing health laws—including the realities of implementing federal health reform under the Affordable Care Act ACA.
Women experience unique health care challenges and are more likely to be diagnosed with certain diseases than men. Chronic diseases and conditions—such as heart disease, cancer and diabetes—are the leading causes of death for women.
Nearly half of adults— million people—have a chronic illness, and half of those have two or more chronic conditions. Thirty-eight percent of women suffer from one or more chronic diseases, compared to 30 percent of men. Managing chronic disease is often difficult for the uninsured, and women are more likely to lack insurance.
Heart Disease. Heart disease is the leading cause of death for women. Women may have more subtle symptoms of a heart attack than men, such as upper abdominal pain, lightheadedness or fatigue. Many states have adopted similar awareness efforts. Cancer kills more than , women in the United States annually. Access to preventive services under the ACA should help more women detect some cancers earlier. In addition, raising awareness about symptoms and risk factors for particular cancers is an important component of prevention and early diagnosis, especially for cancers of the breast, lung, colon and skin, which are largely preventable.
States can help ensure early breast cancer detection by increasing access to mammograms. Some states have taken legislative action to require the Human Papillomavirus HPV vaccine for pre-adolescent girls to prevent cervical cancer or have provided funding to make it more readily available. In an effort to reduce skin cancer rates, a number of states ban tanning bed use by minors.
Diabetes, the seventh leading cause of death in the United States, can lead to serious and costly complications, including heart disease, stroke, amputations, blindness and kidney disease. Medicaid disease management services can save states money and help minimize complications. Some states require insurance coverage for various services and support state diabetes prevention and control programs within their health departments.
According to the Mayo Clinic, women are twice as likely as men to experience depression. The condition will affect one in five women at some point in their lives, most commonly between ages 40 and Final rules from the U.
For example, financial requirements—such as copayments and deductibles—and treatment limitations—such as number of visits covered—need to be equal to those for treatment of other medical conditions. According to the National Osteoporosis Foundation, the disease affects 8 million women over age Medicare and Medicaid cover approximately 75 percent of associated health care costs, not including the nursing home costs that result from hip and other fractures. Thirty-four states and Puerto Rico have laws regarding osteoporosis , mostly to raise awareness; at least 14 states require insurance plans to cover osteoporosis-related treatments and services.
As the baby boomer generation ages, the number of people with the disease is expected to triple to 16 million by Further, states may ease the economic stress on family caregivers by reimbursing them under Medicaid and covering in-home and community-based services. Obtaining proper treatment for chronic diseases and other health issues becomes difficult when people lack health insurance.
Approximately 19 million women between the ages of 18 and 64 currently are uninsured. A Kaiser Family Foundation survey found that 56 percent of uninsured women did not receive needed care due to cost, while only 13 percent of women with health insurance cited cost as a barrier to receiving the care that they needed.
Kaiser also concludes that women without insurance coverage often receive a lower standard of care and have poorer health than those who have insurance. To address the disparities in insurance coverage for women, states have taken a variety of actions to improve accessibility, including expanding Medicaid eligibility for pregnant women and prohibiting insurance policies that discriminate against women.
The ACA has provided new opportunities to build on or expand existing strategies. Many of these opportunities are summarized below. Beginning Jan. Along with increasing access to coverage, the ACA includes provisions designed to expand the health care workforce to increase the number of providers who are needed to meet the increased demand for services.
Medicaid Expansion. The June Supreme Court ruling effectively made the Medicaid expansion optional for states, and the Department of Health and Human Services indicates that states will not face a deadline related to their decision about whether to expand their eligibility levels. Debates about whether to expand Medicaid are occurring in state capitols across the nation and may well continue into future years. Between and , the federal government will pay percent of the cost of medical care for the newly eligible Medicaid population.
The federal share incrementally scales back to 90 percent by and continues at this level, with states picking up the 10 percent share. The Kaiser Family Foundation estimates that expanding Medicaid would reach between one-third to more than onehalf of currently uninsured women between the ages of 18 and 64, depending on the state. For example, 36 percent of uninsured women in New Hampshire and Vermont and 65 percent of uninsured women in Alabama would gain Medicaid benefits if these states expand their Medicaid eligibility to percent of the federal poverty guidelines.
Health Benefit Exchanges. By January , the ACA requires that states have a fully functional Health Benefit Exchange whether run by the state, the federal government or as a partnership between them.
The exchanges are an online, phone-supported marketplace for consumers to compare and purchase insurance policies or to be screened for eligibility and enroll in Medicaid. The proportion of currently uninsured women ages 18 to 64 who will become eligible for federal premium assistance varies, depending on the state; Kaiser estimates rates are as high as 50 percent in New Hampshire and as low as 29 percent in New Mexico.
Private Sector Insurance. The ACA provides incentives to some employers to start or continue providing health insurance to their employees. Additionally, some of the symptoms and risk factors you may experience include: Vaginal bleeding between periods Menstrual bleeding that is longer or heavier than usual Bleeding after intercourse Pain during intercourse Unusual vaginal discharge Vaginal bleeding after menopause Excessive tiredness Leg pain or swelling Low back pain Gynecological health Bleeding and discharge are a normal part of the menstrual cycle.
Pregnancy issues Being pregnant is an exciting time, however it is also a scary time. More from this author What you need to know about prostate cancer By Dr. Tim Lipscombe 9 October Did you know 1 in 5 males are at risk of developing prostate cancer by age 85, making it the most common internal cancer in Australian men?
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