But shortly afterward, Southey defected from the pantisocratic scheme, leaving Coleridge married to a woman whom he did not really love. Poems like these both drew inspiration from and helped to inflame the craze for Gothic romance. Wordsworth and Coleridge traveled to the Continent together, where Coleridge spent most of the trip in Germany, studying the philosophy of Immanuel Kant , Jakob Boehme , and G.
In Coleridge returned to England and settled in the Lake District, where he spent a miserable life for twelve years. The climate made his many ailments worse.
For pain relief he took laudanum, a type of opium drug, and soon became an addict. In addition, his marriage was failing. His opium addiction now began to take over his life: he separated from his wife in , quarrelled with Wordworth in , lost part of his annuity in , put himself under the care of Dr.
Daniel in , and finally moved in with Dr. Gilman in Highgate, London, where the doctor and his family managed for the next 18 years to keep his demon under control. Coleridge was one of the most important figures in English poetry. His poems directly and deeply influenced all the major poets of the age. He was known by his contemporaries as a meticulous craftsman who was more rigorous in his careful reworking of his poems than any other poet.
These entities shows the important human feature of dominion traits where man always holds its highest authority over nature but Coleridge profess that these entities possess human traits and has the potential to dominion over man, punish and make them realize their mistakes and guilt. In addition to this, Romantic poems exhibit mysticism as another important characteristics. Mysticism is the spiritual or divine experiences in nature.
The implication of this element is to evoke the road of redemption and a full control of nature over man. Even when they were together, he constantly complained of various illnesses, consumed excessive amounts of opium, and spent a lot of time in bed. It has also appeared from some reminiscences dictated in old age to her daughter that Sara Fricker at one time expected Southey to marry her.
His literary and social interest in Bristol introduced him to Joseph Cottle, a bookseller and publisher. In , Coleridge published his first volume, Poems on Various Subjects , for which he got 30 guineas from Joseph Cottle. The conflict, acute enough in the economic conditions of the wars against France, was not lessened on the professional literary side by the shifting intellectual currents and values of the period after the French Revolution.
The autopsy after his death, in July, , showed that a progressive disease of heart and lungs had made him appear neurotic or hypochondriac all his life. This physical state, usually referred to in connection with his later life and death, may well have been one of the governing facts of his life from about It was a most memorable meeting and proved to be the beginning of a memorable friendship.
Lyrical Ballads was a volume of poems on which the two poets had collaborated. Its publication successfully marked the beginning of the English Romantic Movement in English literature. The ultimate success of the Lyrical Ballads had brought fame to both the poets. In , Coleridge, Wordsworth, and Dorothy went to Germany to learn German and some of the philosophy and literature of that country. But Coleridge returned to England in after the death of his second son, Berkeley.
It was on this journey that he first met Sara Hutchinson. He fell in love with her, but the love proved painful. Because, although Coleridge had long realized the imperfections of his marriage with Sara Fricker, he did not believe in divorce.
To ease the pain that tormented him, he took opium. It acted like a miracle. But the pain soon returned when the drug lost its effect. As a result, Coleridge became a slave to the drug. From time to time, his health improved for a short period but, on the whole, he felt wretched and miserable. His imagination, excited by opium, flamed out at intervals, but his power of concentration grew weaker and weaker.
He had given some account of his state of his mind at that time in the pathetic Ode to Dejection. For him it was better to die than to endure his sufferings.
Then, urged on by his friends, he started a course of lectures in London, which achieved much success. It is written in the traditional ballad meter and deals with the supernatural punishment and penance of a seaman who wantonly kills an albatross. Nothing can exactly explain the witchery and magic of this poem. The supernatural in the poem adds to the effects of horror and mystery.
The moral is that of all-embracing love. Christabel is an unfinished Gothic ballad. Coleridge wrote its flawless first part in while the second part in which is not as effective as the first one. It narrates the medieval tale of witchcraft and mystical association. The supernatural atmosphere of the poem represents the eternal conflict between the forces of good and evil as personified in the innocent heroine Christabel and in the snake woman Geraldine.
In Christabel , the human and the supernatural elements interpenetrate each other in a more complete and subtle way than in The Rime of Ancient Mariner.
Samuel Taylor Coleridge wrote Kubla Khan in and published it in The poem is a mystical fragment and considered unrivalled for pure music, power of poetic diction, and imaginative suggestiveness. Moreover, the poem is also a feat of supernaturalism and mystery. Coleridge has also used various sensuous phrases and images in Kubla Khan. It is a poem of pure romance, in which all romantic associations are concentrated within a short compass to create a sense of mystery and awe.
Besides mystery and romantic poems, Samuel Taylor Coleridge has also written several personal poems as well. Some of these are:. Coleridge wrote Frost at Midnight in It is one of his early conversation poems. The poem is a blank verse and uses a Romantic image of the eolian harp as both the order and the wildness found in nature.
The Nightingale , Published in consists of three-stanzas in a conversational style. This poem clearly reflects the Romantic ideas of the poet and is also a memorial to his friendship with Wordsworth. The poem is an agonized cry of one who feels he has lost his potent voice before he could create all the symphonies he was capable of creating. Coleridge wrote this poem in a state of mental torment caused by marital strife, indifferent health, desertion by friends, financial stress, and unfulfillment in love.
Many consider the poem to be overworked by exclamatory sentences and an enlargement of German stanzas by Friederike Brun. In his poem Youth and Age , Published in , Coleridge presents a sharp contrast between youth and old age. The poem vividly explains the difference between these two stages of life. Youth is like a budding flower, while old age is like the dawn. Coleridge has used various beautiful images in the poem to present these two stages of life.
Coleridge composed his own Epitaph in It was published on his death in In his Epitaph , which is rooted in ideals of Christianity, the poet asks the passersby to pray for his mercy and forgiveness. Samuel Taylor Coleridge wrote some famous Political Poems as well. Some of these poems include:. Coleridge wrote France: An Ode in The Ode seems to mark the end of his impassioned defense of France, and the beginning of his conservative, somewhat Burkite philosophy.
Coleridge wrote Religious Musings in It is a desultory poem suffering from a turgid style and somewhat inconsistent thought. Yet it gains value from the principles of Unity and Harleian Necessity whereby Coleridge views the poorer features of the French Revolution as stages toward the final good. Coleridge wrote an Ode on the Departing Year at the close of It represents a transitional stage from his earlier enthusiasm for the French Revolution to his later disillusionment.
Coleridge penned down Fears in Solitude in It is a historically significant poem in which the poet reiterates his abhorrence of French politics. He also discusses the threats that his country is facing. We can note the low-keyed blank verse until the moment line when he relinquishes his pacifism and lashes out at the French. After Fears in Solitude , Coleridge remained cool to French politics.
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