The question number is in parentheses. Use this table to determine the number correct in each of the four conditions. Find the average for each condition. In-Class Memory Activity Tell students they will take a memory test.
They will listen as you read them a list of 15 words, at a rate of about one word every 5 seconds. They may not write down any of the words as you say them. When you give the signal, the students should write down as many of the words as they can recall in any order. This activity demonstrates several memory concepts. You want to check to how many students recalled certain words.
For these words, have students raise their hands if they recalled them. Asteroid: It was a distinctive word that did not fit in with the meaning of the rest of the words. This demonstrates the von Restorff effect. Needle: You should get a large percentage of the class recalling this word even though it was not on the list.
You can show the students the whole list and ask them where they heard it. It also shows the role of schema in guiding recall. Note: I did not develop this demonstration. A number of variations exist. Roediger, H. Creating false memories: Remembering words not presented in lists. There is a lot of up to date information on eyewitness testimony which I would like to use parts of in an Incident Report Assignment I am doing with several trades students.
Please let me know if I have your permission. Learning about testimonial evidence this way is something I never would have thought of. I have read a lot about Testimonial evidence but this is something that I would want other people to read. APS regularly opens certain online articles for discussion on our website. Effective February , you must be a logged-in APS member to post comments. By posting a comment, you agree to our Community Guidelines and the display of your profile information, including your name and affiliation.
For more information, please see our Community Guidelines. Treating infected people like witnesses to the spread of a virus could improve contact tracing.
Susan MacDonald March 27, Madisen Hurd November 17, Strengthening Contact Tracing Using Witness Interviewing Techniques Treating infected people like witnesses to the spread of a virus could improve contact tracing.
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In some cases, however, the police go beyond suggestiveness and use identification procedures to deliberately induce witnesses to identify suspects whether they recognize them or not. That is misconduct. It corrupts the investigation and produces tainted identifications. The Registry recently reexamined the first 1, exonerations we listed, those posted through April This suggests that tainted identifications are a serious but comparatively uncommon problem among exonerations.
But there may be more. Deliberate misconduct is usually hidden from sight. We certainly missed some exonerations in which the police successfully concealed the stratagems that produced tainted identification, but we don't know which or how many.
The actual proportion of lies is probably higher, since we only coded an identification as a lie if we saw clear evidence of deception, and lying—like all misconduct—is often successfully hidden. Most of the misconduct that produced these tainted identifications fell into four common patterns. There were also several less common patterns, and some tainted identifications fell into more than one category. Sometimes they did so in the context of a deal. In Randall Adams' case, for example, the eyewitness described the perpetrator as "African American or Mexican," and was initially unable to pick Adams who was white from a lineup.
She identified Adams after an officer offered to drop robbery charges against the eyewitness's daughter in exchange for the identification.
In Jose Garcia's case, police told an uncooperative year-old eyewitness's mother that they would "go after the boy" if she didn't identify Garcia herself. Instead, our brain fills in details we cannot recount in an effort to recreate a full picture. This often results in bad eyewitness identifications. One of the biggest contributors to eyewitness misidentifications is the way in which the investigator presents the perpetrator to the witness. At the time the investigator prepares a lineup, whether it be in a 6-pack or otherwise, just knowing who the suspect is can be problematic.
The better practice is to use a double-blind procedure. The officer showing the photographs to the witness should not know the identity of the suspect. In such a scenario, it is impossible for the officer to inadvertently influence a witness in picking out a perpetrator. Quite possibly the worst eyewitness identification procedure of all belongs to that of the Show-Up.
A Show-Up is conducted where an officer brings a witness to a location to show the witness a suspect that has been apprehended. Often times, the witness will see the suspect in handcuffs or in the back of a police car. The automatic assumption is that the officers must have additional evidence on the person, so this must be the perpetrator.
Our brain fills in the gaps with the details of the person in the car, and the face of the suspect becomes the person we saw commit the crime. Thus, over time, the witness becomes more certain of their identification even though it is wrong. More detailed recommendations can be provided upon request by the Innocence Project. Confidence Statements: Immediately following the lineup procedure, the eyewitness should provide a statement, in his own words, that articulates the level of confidence he or she has in the identification made.
If this is impracticable, an audio or written record should be made. These states are:. Press Release. Special Features.
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